The medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere consists of structures that are part of the medial aspect of the brain, mainly seen in a midsagittal section. These include:
1️⃣ Cuneus → Located in the medial occipital lobe, involved in visual processing.
2️⃣ Paracentral lobule → Located on the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes, responsible for motor and sensory functions of the lower limb.
3️⃣ Precuneus → Found on the medial parietal lobe, involved in sensorimotor integration, memory, and self-awareness.
4️⃣ Corpus callosum → A commissural fiber tract connecting the two hemispheres, visible on the medial surface.
However, the insula is not part of the medial wall.
- The insula (insular cortex) is a deep cortical structure buried within the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure).
- It is covered by the frontal, parietal, and temporal opercula and is not visible on a midsagittal section of the brain.
- It plays a role in visceral functions, pain perception, and emotional processing.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
❌ 1. “Cuneus” – Incorrect
- Located in the medial occipital lobe, part of the visual cortex.
- Clearly visible in a midsagittal section.
❌ 2. “Paracentral lobule” – Incorrect
- Found medially in the frontal and parietal lobes, controlling lower limb motor and sensory functions.
❌ 3. “Precuneus” – Incorrect
- Located in the medial parietal lobe, involved in higher cognitive functions.
❌ 4. “Corpus callosum” – Incorrect
- A large white matter tract that connects both hemispheres, clearly seen in the medial view.